CCNA – Routing & Switching
Addressing
———–
Physical Address – MAC – 48 Hexa Decimal
Logical Address – IP address (IPv4 & IPV6)
IPv4 – it is 32 bit address
xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxx.xxxxxxx
First Octate
Five class
A 0 – 127 – N.H.H.H (0.0.0.0 = Unkown ip) (127.0.0.0 = loop back ip)
B 128 -191 – N.N.H.H
C 192 – 223 – N.N.N.H
D 224 – 239 – N.N.N.N or H.H.H.H – mutlicast IP
E 240 – 255 Not Used
Note – Unicast = One to One
Multicast = One to Many (a Group)
Broadcast = One to all
Subnetmask = it is 32 bit number, used with ipv4 which distinguish network and host part of a given ip.
On bit = network
off bit = host
A = N.H.H.H = 11111111.00000000.00000000.0000000 = 255.0.0.0 /8
B = N.N.H.H = 1111111.11111111.00000000.0000000 = 255.255.0.0 /16
C = N.N.N.H = 1111111.11111111.1111111.0000000 = 255.255.0 /24
D = 255.255.255.255 /32
E =
Subnetting = It is breaking of a large network into many small network.
1.FLSM = Fixed length Subnet mask = network is segmented into same size
- VLSM = Variable lenth subnet mask = network is segmented into difrent size
——————————————————-
192.0.0.0/26
11111111.11111111.1111111.11000000
255.255.255.192
Block Size = 256 – 192 = 64
192.0.0.0 == 192.0.0.1 ——–192.0.0.62 192.0.0.63
192.0.0.64 == 192.0.0.65 ——–192.0.0.126 192.0.0.127
192.0.0.128 == 192.0.0.129——–192.0.0.190 192.0.0.191
192.0.0.192 == 192.0.0.193 ——-192.0.0.254 192.0.0.255
No of n/w = 2^extra on bit = 2^2=4
No of host (ip) = 2^offbit – 2 = 2^6-2 = 64-2 =62
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10.0.0.0/24
255.255.255.0
block size of second octat = 256 – 255 = 1
block size of third octate = 256-255 =1
no of n/w = 2^16 =??
no of host = 2^8-2 = 256-2=254
10.0.0.0 = 10.0.0.1 —- 10.0.0.254
10.0.1.0 = 10.0.1.1 —– 10.0.1.254
.
.
10.255.255.0 = 10.255.255.1 —– 10.255.255.254
Server LAN = 14 192.168.0.96/28
Staff LAN = 62 192.168.0.0/26
Hr and Admin = 30 192.168.0.64/27
you have been provided class c ip ie 192.168.0.0/24
Rule = Subnet according to larget n/w, then second larget and so on…
No of host (ip) = 2^offbit – 2
Step – 1 for Staff
————–
62 = 2^n-2
2^n=64
n=6 = off bit
subnetmask(32)=on bit+off bit
32=CIDR+6
CIDR =32-6 =26
192.168.0.0/26 Staff LAN
192.168.0.64/26 Subnet
192.168.0.128/26
192.168.0.192/26
Step-2 for Hr and Admin
——–
30=2^n-2
32=2^n
n=5
CIDR=32-5= 27
192.168.0.64/27 = Hr and Admin 192.168.0.65 -192.168.0.94
255.255.255.224
Block Size = 256-224 = 32
192.168.0.96/27
Step 3 for Server
—————-
14=2^n-2
2^n=16
n=4
CIDR=32-4= 28
192.168.0.96/28 = server n/w
255.255.255.240
192.168.0.112/28
Types of cable :- 
